Quizzes for Chapter 1

1.单选题：Turing Test is designed to provide what kind of satisfactory operational definition?图灵测试旨在给予哪一种令人满意的操作定义
选项：
A、machine intelligence机器智能
B、 human intelligence人工智能
C、machine action机器动作
D、 human action人类动作
E、human thinking人类思考
答案：【machine intelligence机器智能】

2.多选题：Select the following true statements regarding the concept of artificial intelligence选择以下关于人工智能概念的正确表述
选项：
A、Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. 人工智能是通过机器或软件展现的智能
B、Artificial intelligence aims to create intelligent machines. 人工智能旨在创造智能机器
C、Artificial intelligence defines itself as the study of human agents. 人工智能将其定义为人类智能体的研究
D、Artificial intelligence is to enable the development of computers that are able to do things normally done by human. 人工智能是为了开发一类计算机使之能够完成通常由人类所能做的事
E、Artificial intelligence is to study and construct agent programs that perform well in a given environment. 人工智能是研究和构建在给定环境下表现良好的智能体程序
答案：【Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. 人工智能是通过机器或软件展现的智能 #Artificial intelligence aims to create intelligent machines. 人工智能旨在创造智能机器#Artificial intelligence is to enable the development of computers that are able to do things normally done by human. 人工智能是为了开发一类计算机使之能够完成通常由人类所能做的事#Artificial intelligence is to study and construct agent programs that perform well in a given environment. 人工智能是研究和构建在给定环境下表现良好的智能体程序】

3.多选题：Which of the following are the foundations of artificial intelligence? 如下学科哪些是人工智能的基础？
选项：
A、Philosophy 哲学
B、 History历史
C、Mathematics数学
D、Medicine医学
E、Economics经济学
F、Psychology心理学
答案：【Philosophy 哲学#Mathematics数学#Economics经济学#Psychology心理学】

4.多选题：Which of the following statements are true to describe strong AI(General AI)?下列陈述中哪些是描述强AI(通用AI)的正确答案？
选项：
A、The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.是经过适当编程的具有正确输入和输出的计算机，因此有与人类同样判断力的头脑
B、It defines non-sentient computer intelligence or AI that is focused on one narrow task.其定义为无知觉的计算机智能，或专注于一个狭窄任务的AI
C、It means a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any problem.指的是一种机器，具有将智能应用于任何问题的能力
D、It means a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to a specific problem. 指的是一种机器，仅针对一个具体问题
答案：【The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.是经过适当编程的具有正确输入和输出的计算机，因此有与人类同样判断力的头脑#It means a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any problem.指的是一种机器，具有将智能应用于任何问题的能力】

5.多选题：Select the following computer systems which are instances of artificial intelligence. 选择下列计算机系统中属于人工智能的实例
选项：
A、Robot机器人
B、Intelligent personal assistant智能个人助理
C、Voice-activated telephone menus 声控电话菜单
D、Web search enginesWeb搜索引擎
E、Distributed computing超市条形码扫描器
答案：【Robot机器人#Intelligent personal assistant智能个人助理#Web search enginesWeb搜索引擎】

6.多选题：Select which of the following ones are research area of artificial intelligence. 选择下列哪些是人工智能的研究领域
选项：
A、Distributed computing 分布式计算
B、Expert system 专家系统
C、 Software outsourcing 软件外包
D、Machine learning机器学习
E、Image understanding 图像理解
F、Face recognition人脸识别
答案：【Expert system 专家系统#Machine learning机器学习#Image understanding 图像理解#Face recognition人脸识别】

7.多选题：Examine some applicationsof artificial intelligence (AI) to discover which the following tasks can currently be solved by AI. 考察人工智能(AI)的一些应用，去发现目前下列哪些任务可以通过AI来解决
选项：
A、Playing a decent game of table tennis (Ping-Pong).打一场像样的乒乓球比赛
B、Buying a week’s worth of groceries at the market. 在市场上购买一周的食品杂货
C、Buying a week’s worth of groceries on the Web. 在Web上购买一周的食品杂货
D、 Playing the game of Texas Holdem Poker at a competitive level. 以竞技水平玩德州扑克游戏
E、 Translating spoken English into spoken Chinese in real time. 将英文口语实时翻译为中文口语
答案：【Playing a decent game of table tennis (Ping-Pong).打一场像样的乒乓球比赛#Buying a week’s worth of groceries on the Web. 在Web上购买一周的食品杂货# Playing the game of Texas Holdem Poker at a competitive level. 以竞技水平玩德州扑克游戏# Translating spoken English into spoken Chinese in real time. 将英文口语实时翻译为中文口语】

8.填空题：Rationally means the property of a systemwhich does the right thing given what it ________. 理性指的是一个系统的属性，即在_________的环境下做正确的事。
答案：【knows 已知】

Quizzes for Chapter 2

1.多选题：For the following comparisons, select which approaches are more general and more amenable to scientific development. 对于如下比拟，选择哪些方法更通用并且更适合于科学开发
选项：
A、Thinking humanly 类人思考
B、Thinking rationally 理性思考
C、Acting humanly 类人动作
D、Acting rationally 理性动作
答案：【Thinking rationally 理性思考#Acting rationally 理性动作】

2.多选题：A rational agent is one that does the right thing, but what does it mean to do the right thing? Considering the consequences of the agent’s behavior, select the following true statements regarding the concept of "right thing". 理性智能体指的是有正确行为的智能体，但正确的行为意味着什么？考虑智能体行为的后果，选择下列有关“正确的行为”概念的真实陈述
选项：
A、This sequence of actions causes the environment to go through a sequence of states. 这些动作序列引起环境改变而产生状态序列
B、An agent in an environment generates a sequence of actions according to the percepts. 智能体在某个环境中依据感知生成动作序列
C、If the sequence is desirable, then the agent has performed well. 如果该序列是所期望的，则该智能体表现良好
D、But if the sequence is undesirable, then the agent destroys the environment. 但若该序列是不期望的，则该智能体对其环境造成破坏。
答案：【This sequence of actions causes the environment to go through a sequence of states. 这些动作序列引起环境改变而产生状态序列#An agent in an environment generates a sequence of actions according to the percepts. 智能体在某个环境中依据感知生成动作序列#If the sequence is desirable, then the agent has performed well. 如果该序列是所期望的，则该智能体表现良好】

3.多选题：PEAS is a task environment description which stands for: PEAS是一种任务环境描述，它代表：
选项：
A、Performance 性能
B、 Perceive 感知
C、Environment 环境
D、Exclusion 排斥
E、Actuators 动作器
F、Actions 动作
G、Sense 感觉
H、Sensors 感受器
答案：【Performance 性能#Environment 环境#Actuators 动作器#Sensors 感受器】

4.多选题：Which of the following statements are true about environment types for intelligent agents? 下列中语句哪些与智能体环境类型有关
选项：
A、Fully observable vs. partially observable 完全可观测与部分可观测
B、Single agent vs. multi-agent 单智能体与多智能体
C、 Good agent vs. bad agent 好的智能体与差的智能体
D、 Episodic vs. sequential 阵发性与连续性
E、Deterministic vs. stochastic 确定性与随机性
F、 Solidvs vs. liquid 固体与液体
G、Perfect vs. imperfect 完美与不完美
答案：【Fully observable vs. partially observable 完全可观测与部分可观测#Single agent vs. multi-agent 单智能体与多智能体# Episodic vs. sequential 阵发性与连续性#Deterministic vs. stochastic 确定性与随机性】

5.多选题：Thinking the differences between gent functions and agent programs, select correct statements from following ones. 考虑智能体函数与智能体程序的差异，从下列陈述中选择正确的答案
选项：
A、An agent program implements an agent function 一个智能体程序实现一个智能体函数
B、An agent function implements an agent program. 一个智能体函数实现一个智能体程序
C、An agent program has no any relation with an agent function. 智能体程序与智能体函数没有任何关系
D、An agent program contains agent function. 智能体程序包含智能体函数
答案：【An agent program implements an agent function 一个智能体程序实现一个智能体函数#An agent program contains agent function. 智能体程序包含智能体函数】

6.多选题：Selectthe following true ways that can be used to represent states for an agent. 选择下列哪些方法可以用于表示智能体的状态
选项：
A、 Atomic 原子式
B、Distributed 分布式
C、Factored 因子式
D、Networked 网络式
E、Molecular 模块式
F、Structured 结构式
答案：【 Atomic 原子式#Factored 因子式#Structured 结构式】

7.填空题：The approach of artificial intelligence (AI) which epresents information through symbols and their relationships is _______ AI, and which represents information in a distributed form within a network is Connectionist AI.凭借符号及他们之间的关系来表征信息的人工智能方法是____________AI，而用网络内部的一种分布式形式来表征信息的是联结主义AI。
答案：【Symbolist 符号主义】

8.填空题：An intelligent agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through _______, and acting upon that environment through actuators. 智能体可看作是通过_________感知外部环境，并且通过执行器作用于外部环境的任何事物。
答案：【sensors 感受器】

Quizzes for Chapter 3

1.单选题：There are two main kinds of formulation for 8-queens problem. Which of the following items is such a formulation that starts with all 8 queens on the board and moves them around? 有两种8皇后问题的形式化方式。“初始时8个皇后都放在棋盘上，然后再进行移动”是哪一种形式化方式？
选项：
A、 Incremental formulation 增量形式化
B、Normal formulation 正则形式化
C、 Complete-state formulation 全态形式化
D、Half-state formulationon半态形式化
答案：【 Complete-state formulation 全态形式化】

2.单选题：Let h(n) denote heuristic function and g(n) denote cost, the evaluation function f(n) used by Greedy search is: 设h(n)表示启发式函数且g(n)表示代价，则贪婪搜索所使用的评价函数是
选项：
A、f(n) = h(n)
B、f(n) = g(n)
C、f(n) = g(n) + h(n)
D、f(n) = g(n) - h(n)
答案：【f(n) = h(n)】

3.单选题：Let h(n) denote heuristic function and g(n) denote cost, the evaluation function f(n) used by A* search is: 设h(n)表示启发式函数且g(n)表示代价，则A*搜索所使用的评价函数是:
选项：
A、f(n) = h(n)
B、f(n) = g(n)
C、f(n) = g(n) + h(n)
D、f(n) = g(n) - h(n)
答案：【f(n) = g(n) + h(n)】

4.多选题：Which of the following items are used to formulate a problem? 下列哪些项用于对问题进行形式化
选项：
A、 Environment 环境
B、Initial state 初始状态
C、Goal state 目标状态
D、Perception 感知
E、Actions 动作
F、Actuator 执行器
G、Transition model 转换模型
H、 Agent function 智能体函数
I、Goal test 目标检测
J、Path cost 路径检测
答案：【Initial state 初始状态#Actions 动作#Transition model 转换模型#Goal test 目标检测#Path cost 路径检测】

5.多选题：Select which of the following search methods are true uninformed search. 选择如下哪些搜索方法属于无信息搜索
选项：
A、A* Search A*搜索
B、Best-first Search 最佳优先搜索
C、Bidirectional search 双向搜索
D、Breadth-first search 宽度优先搜索
E、Depth-first search 深度优先搜索
F、Depth-limited search 深度受限搜索
G、 Greedy Search 贪婪搜索
H、 Uniform-cost search 一致代价搜索
答案：【Bidirectional search 双向搜索#Breadth-first search 宽度优先搜索#Depth-first search 深度优先搜索#Depth-limited search 深度受限搜索# Uniform-cost search 一致代价搜索】

6.多选题：The search strategies that use problem-specific knowledge beyond the definition of the problem itself are known as: 除了问题本身的定义之外，使用问题特定知识的搜索策略被认为是
选项：
A、 Binary search 二元搜索
B、Brute force search 蛮力搜索
C、Informed search 有信息搜索
D、Uninformed search 无信息搜索
E、Heuristic search 启发式搜索
答案：【Informed search 有信息搜索#Heuristic search 启发式搜索】

7.填空题：Some ______ problems or NP-hard problems can be solved only by search. 某些_______或NP难问题只能通过搜索来求解。
答案：【NP-complete NP完】

8.填空题：Problem formulation is the process of deciding what _______ andstates to consider, given a goal. 问题形式化是给定一个目标，决定要考虑的_______与状态的处理。
答案：【actions 动作】

Quizzes for Chapter 4

1.单选题：Keeping just one node in memory might seem to be an extreme reaction to the problem of memory limitations. Local beam search keeps track of:在内存中仅保存一个节点似乎是对内存限制问题的极端反应。局部束搜索保持：
选项：
A、k states rather than just one.k个状态而不仅仅为一
B、m states rather than n states.m个状态而不是n个
C、just one rather than k states.仅有一个状态而不是k个
D、just m states rather than n states仅有n状态而不是m
答案：【k states rather than just one.k个状态而不仅仅为一】

2.单选题：A genetic algorithm is a variant of stochastic beam search, in which successor states are generated:遗传算法是随机束搜索的一个变体，其中后继节点的生成是由：
选项：
A、by combining two parent states rather than by modifying a single state.组合两个双亲状态而不是修改单一状态。
B、by modifying a single state rather than by combining two parent states.组合两个双亲节点而不是修改单一节点。
C、by combining two parent nodes rather than by modifying a single node.组合单一状态而不是组合两个双亲状态。
D、by modifying a single node rather than by combining two parent nodes.组合单一节点而不是组合两个双亲节点。
答案：【by combining two parent states rather than by modifying a single state.组合两个双亲状态而不是修改单一状态。】

3.多选题：Hill climbing search is sometimes called greedy local search because it grabs a good neighbor state without thinking ahead about where to go next. Unfortunately, it often gets stuck for the three reasons:爬山搜索有时也被称为贪婪局部搜索，因为它只顾抓住一个好的邻接点的状态，而不提前思考下一步该去哪儿。它在三种情况下经常被困：
选项：
A、Hill山丘
B、Local maxima局部最大值
C、Mountain高山
D、Plateaux高原
E、Ridges山岭
答案：【Local maxima局部最大值#Plateaux高原#Ridges山岭】

4.多选题：Which of the following statements are true about Simulated annealing algorithm？以下关于模拟退火算法的陈述哪些是正确的？
选项：
A、The inner loop of the simulated annealing algorithm is quite similar to hill climbing.模拟退火算法的内循环与爬山法非常相似。
B、The inner loop of the simulated annealing algorithm is very different from hill climbing.模拟退火算法的内循环与爬山法完全不同。
C、Instead of picking the best move, simulated annealing algorithm picks a random move.模拟退火算法不是选择最佳行动，而是选择随机行动。
D、Instead of picking the random move, simulated annealing algorithm picks a best move.模拟退火算法不是选择随机行动，而是选择最佳行动。
答案：【The inner loop of the simulated annealing algorithm is quite similar to hill climbing.模拟退火算法的内循环与爬山法非常相似。#Instead of picking the best move, simulated annealing algorithm picks a random move.模拟退火算法不是选择最佳行动，而是选择随机行动。】

章节：查看《人工智能原理》(北京大学)答案